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ImPACT’s Test is computerized and takes about 25 minutes to complete. ImPACT recommends that it be administered by an ImPACT trained athletic trainer, school nurse, athletic director, team doctor or psychologist. Baseline tests are suggested every two years. If a concussion is suspected, the baseline report will serve as a comparison to a repeat ImPACT test, which professionals can use to assess potential changes or damage caused by a concussion. The management of concussions should only be conducted by trained medical professionals. To achieve this, ImPACT is expanding reach to manage concussions through a growing national network of several hundred clinical professionals who are Credentialed ImPACT Consultants™ (CICs).
IMPACT Features:
- Measures player symptoms
- Measures verbal and visual memory, processing speed, and reaction time
- Reaction time measured to a 1/100th of second
- Assists clinicians and athletic trainers in making difficult return-to-play decisions
- Provides reliable baseline test information
- Produces a comprehensive report of test results
- Results are presented as a PDF file and can be emailed
- Automatically stores data from repeat testing
- Testing is administered online for individuals or groups
- Compatible with PC and MAC
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The test modules consist of a near infinite number of alternate forms by randomly varying the stimulus array for each administration. This feature was built in to the ImPACT Test to minimize the “practice effects” that have limited the usefulness of more traditional neurocognitive tests.
The program measures multiple aspects of cognitive functioning in athletes, including:
- Attention span
- Working memory
- Sustained and selective attention time
- Response variability
- Non-verbal problem solving
- Reaction time
The ImPACT Test includes these components:
Section 1: Demographic Profile and Health History Questionnaire
Section 1 of the ImPACT Test requires the test-taker to input basic demographic information and descriptive information through a series of easy-to-follow instructional screens. The test-taker inputs this information via a keyboard and must utilize an external mouse to navigate/select responses on the screen.
Many of the questions can be answered using “pull down” menus in the window. This section asks the test-taker to answer questions regarding height, weight, sport, position, concussion history, history of learning disabilities and other important descriptive information.
Section 2: Current Concussion Symptoms and Conditions
This section of the ImPACT Test asks questions about the test-taker’s most recent concussion date, hours slept last night, and current medications. The test-taker is then to rate the current severity of 22 concussion symptoms via a 7-point Likert scale.
This Likert scale is currently utilized by the NFL and NHL and has been endorsed by the Vienna Concussion in Sports (CIS) group.
The concussion symptom scores are displayed in the ImPACT test report along with the symptom total score.
Section 3: Baseline and Post-Injury Neurocognitive Tests
After completing the Demographic and Current Symptoms, the test-taker will begin the neurocognitive test section, which is comprised of six modules.
Module 1: Word Discrimination
Evaluates attentional processes and verbal recognition memory utilizing a word discrimination paradigm.
Module 2: Design Memory
Evaluates attentional processes and visual recognition memory using a design discrimination paradigm.
Module 3: X’s and O’s
Measures visual working memory as well as visual processing speed and consists of a visual memory paradigm with a distractor task that measures response speed
Module 4: Symbol Matching
Evaluates visual processing speed, learning and memory.
Module 5: Color Match
Represents a choice reaction time task and also measures impulse control and response inhibition.
Module 6: Three Letter Memory
Measures working memory and visual-motor response speed.
Section 4: Graphic Display of ImPACT Test Scores
There are five ImPACT Test scores calculated from the neuropsychological tests
administered, and each is displayed graphically:
Composite 1: Verbal Memory Composite
This score is comprised of the average of the following scores:
Total memory percent correct
Symbol match (total correct hidden symbols)
Three letters (total percent of total letters correct)
A higher score indicates better performance on the Verbal Memory Composite.
Composite 2: Visual Memory Composite
This score is comprised of the average of the following scores:
Design memory (total percent correct score)
X’s and O’s (total correct memory score)
A higher score indicates better performance on the Visual Memory Composite.
Composite 3: Processing Speed Composite
This score is comprised of the average of the following scores:
X’s and O’s (total correct (interference))
Three-letters (average counted correctly)
A higher score indicates better performance on the Processing Speed Composite.
Composite 4: Reaction Time Composite
This score is comprised of the average of the following scores:
X’s and O’s (average correct RT (interference))
Symbol match (average correct RT/3)
Color match (average correct RT)
A lower score indicates better performance on the Reaction Time Composite.
Composite 5: Impulse Control Composite
This score is comprised of the average of the following scores:
X’s and O’s (total incorrect (interference))
Color match (total commissions)
A lower score indicates better performance on the Impulse Control composite.
Total Symptom Composite
This score represents the total for all 22 symptom descriptors. A lower score indicates fewer endorsed symptoms by the test-taker. This series of graphs allows direct comparison of test performance in these core areas across multiple testing sessions. The composite scores were constructed to provide summary information regarding different broad cognitive domains. Thus far, ImPACT’s studies have indicated the verbal memory, visual memory, processing speed, reaction time and symptom scores assist in making a determination between concussed and non-injured individuals.